Aeroplane.



J. C. BATTISTA.

ABRoPmHf-s.

APPLIOA'I'IOLT FlLED APRS, 1913.

Patented Oct. 6, 1914.

1 1 y 4 SHEETS-SHEET 1 QwM-C. nventor: by Mam/M J. c. BATTISTA.

AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION FILED APRA?, 1913.

Patented Oct. 6, 1914.

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55 3 35 34 5 34 Attest: l cma, Inventor:

I. C. BATTISTA.

AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 8, 1913.

Patented 0@n.6,1914.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

J. C. BATTISTA.

ABROPLANE.

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uNiTED STATES PATENT oriuor..

AEROPLANE;

To all whom it may concern.'

Be it known that I, JUAN C. BATTISTA, a subject of the King of Italy, New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in. Aeroplanes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to aeroplanes and its novelty consists in the construction and adaptation of the' parts as will be more fully hereinafter pointed out.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a plan view of an aeroplane embodying the invention; Fig. 2 is a central longitudinal vertical section on the plane of the broken' line 2-2 in Fig. 1 on an enlarged scale, of the central portion of the'A device inv front` ofA the operators seat and a side'elevation of the parts back of the section plane; Fig. 3 is a plan view of the steering bar and adjacent parts beneath the plane of the line 3-3 Vin Fig. 2;' Fig. 4 is a. front elevation of the central post bearing and rod saddle; Fig. 5 is a plan View of a portion of the rudder plane of the device anda central longitudinal horizontal section on the plane of the line 5-5 in Fig. 6; Fig.. 6 is a side elevation and partial central longitudinal vertical.

section of the parts shown in Fig. 5; Fig.

7 is a diagram showing successive positions.

of the planes; Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating .the action on -the planes of excessive front pressure, and Figs. 9 vand 10 are edge diagrams illustrating thepositions of the planes when subjected: to such pressure.

In the drawings, 1 indicates the body or frame of the device which is inclosed by a shell of light metal-'or other similar material adapted to inclose the greater portion of the other parts of the device, as hereinafter described. Depending from the body is the usual carriage indicated at 2 and supplied with front Wheels indicated at 3 and a rear wheel (not shown) the carriage and Wheels being of the usual form and forming no part of the invention. At thefront of the device is a'motor 4 of any suitable size and construction and adapted to rotate a propeller system, indicated atb, which part? also form no part of my invention and ma be of anv usual form or construction. At

a suitable place in the apparatus, and preferably inclined at an angle tothe horizontal, there is arranged a central4 post 1() rigidly secured to the frame of the machine in any` l Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed April 8, 1913.

residing at JUAN c. BATTISTA, or NEW YORK, N. Y.

Serial No. 759,58l.

.to the planes 15, and hinged to and extending upward from a similar collar 13 at the bottom of the post are a series of rods 14 pivoted at their upper ends to the planes 15, arranged one on each side of thebody of the. device. It will be understood that these planes in actual use, are covered by a. suitable fabric or other collars 11 and 13 are swiveled to the central post 10 so they can swing in a general horizontal direction but not in any other direction. The two planes 15, lare connected together by a double threaded rod 17 adapted to pass through threaded blocksv 1.8',` one pivoted on each plane and which rod is provided at its center with a vertically arranged handwheel 19 located at a place convenient for the operator by whom i tmay be rotated in either direction. The handwheel is mounted. to rotate in a forked bearing 20 secured to or made. integra-l with a vertically placed resilient flat bar 21 adapted topass through a vertical slot 22- formed in the post 10 for that purpose and which bar, at. its extremity opposite the handwheel, is attached to a collar 23 slidablyl mounted upon a supplemental post 24 and adapted to be secured thereon by means of a set screw indicated at 25. This supplemental post 24 inturn is secured .by means of a pivot 26 to an extension or enlargement 27 of the central post 10.

Immediately in front of the central post 10, and forming a part of the upper frame of the machine, is a guide 30 provided with a slot 31 through which the supplemental post 24 is adapted to pass and by whichtit isguided in its vertical movement. Secured to the` collar 1-1 at the top of the post 10 are rods 32' securedl at their opposite ends to the front upper part of `theplanes 15. These rods are made adjustable as to their length by means of turn buckles indicated at 33. Stretching from at or near the point of attachmentof these rods to each plane 15 but at the lower side thereof, and secured at their opposite ends to the collar 13 at the bottom of the central post 10, are one or4 more similar rods indicated at 34 (see Fig.. 2) and adjustable as to their length by means of t-urn buckles indicated at- 35. These rods 32 and 34 are stay rods and their function is to maintain the rela- Patented lOct. 6, 1914.

covering. The

tive position ofV the planes with respect to the central post.

y Secured to the top of the supplemental post 24 and at their opposite ends to the outer extremities of the planes 15 at their opposite sides are two wires 40 also made extensible by means of turn buckles indicated at 41. At a corresponding point at the bottom of each plane 15 there are secured one or more wires 42 made eXtensible by means of turn buckles indicated at 43 and which, at their opposite lower extremities, are secured to a saddle 44 secured by a pivot 45 to the central post 10. It will be understood that this saddle can swing on the post in substantially a vertical plane but cannot turn in any other direction.

The steering mechanism comprises a rudder plane 50 made in the usual manner of ribs covered with fabric. These ribs and the tail piece as a whole are secured'to, or supported upon, a disk 52 rigidly secured to a shaft 53 near the opposite end of which is mounted a segmental spherical gear 54. Intermediate the disk 52 and the gear 54 is a second disk 55 loosely mounted on the same shaft and provided with two diametri-l cally opposed pivots 56, arranged in a verti- 'cal line, by means of which this disk is pivotally supported in a sub-frame comprising an annular holder 60 in which/the pivots are inserted and which sub-frame is secured to the body of the device by means of twov pivotsl diametr'ically opposed to each other in a horizontal line. This sub-frame is provided with any inwardly projecting rack 61 the teeth of which are adapted tobe engaged by the teeth of the segmental gear 54. It i's also provided with two small upright shafts 62 on which there is adapted loosely vto'revolve pulleys 63, 63 around which is arranged a belt 64 carrying in a position intermediate the two pulleys 63, 63, a socket plate 65- which is adapted to receive the inner end. of the shaft 53. The stretches of thisI belt 64 pass toward the front of the device and are secured at their forward ends to an oscillating bar 67 secured to a substantially horizontal wheel 68, the upper yside of which is provided with two upwardly projecting pins 69 adapted, when in the uppermost position of the wheel, to engage apertures provided in a frame indicated at.

70 adapted to receive such pins. The wheel is yieldingly supported on a spring 73 in the frame ofthe device. Rigidly secured to the wheel is a transverse foot bar 74. The arrangement and construction of the device issuch that when the operator is seated in the seat indicated at- 8O provided for his reception, by pressing his foot downwardly 'upon the bar 74 the retaining pins 69 of the wheel are released from the apertures in the frame 70 with which they are engaged and he is then able to oscillate the bar 74.

and the wheel 68 with his` feet, which oscillation moves the belt 64, the socket 65, shaft 53 right and left with respect to the central vertical aXis of the device and with respect to the annular holder 60 by which the disk 55 is carried and therefore moves the rudder plane circularly right and left.

In order to secure an up and down movevent of the rudder plane there is provided a link indicated at 75 which is secured to the upper edge of the holder 60 and which is also secured by a pivot 76 to a hand lever 77 secured in turn by a pivot 78 to the frame of the machine and provided with a hand grip 79 adapted to slide along a toothed segment 81 mounted at the side of the machine. When this hand lever is moved it oscillates the holder 60 upon'its horizontally placed pivots and moves the rudder plane up and down. At theJ saine time, by the movement of the foot bar 74, the operator can communicate to the segmental gear 54 the circular movement along the rack 61, so that by means of the footl bar and the hand lever he can produce any combination of a circular oscillatory movement right and left and a movement up and down of the rudder plane.

The operation of the deviceis as follows: When the vertical hand wheel 19 is rotated so that the planes 15 are'at their innermost position then the post 24 is at its innermost position and nearest to the seat of the operator. When the hand wheel is rotatedso that, by means of the right and left screw 17, the planes 15 are spread apart it is obvious that such movement continually increases the angularl distance between the inner edges of the planes and the length of the chord of the arc measured around the post 10 as a center. But as an increase in the length of the arc means a constantly increasing radius, the handwheel 19 and screw will move forward, and the bar 21 is moved forward and consequently the post 24 secured to it is moved forward on its pivot 26 so that when the wheel 19'has been rotated to move the planes 15 to their farthermost position, then the post 24 will have been swung forward as far asit will go. The swinging movement of the supplemental post 24 is furthermore of importance iny post 24 remained fixed, the wires will be loosened and reversely; if the planes were swung rearwardly, the wires 40 would be tightened. Inasmuch as the post 24 swings back and forth with the planes, 'as above ex* plained, the wires 40 will always be maintained at the same degree of tautness. The

moving forward of the outer tips of the planes will, of course, move forward the line of airv pressure against such planes with rea spect to the center of gravity of the device ing thus moved backward, the device will' tendto tip up in front and down at the rear,-

- and will consequently rise.

A reverse 'movement of the hand wheel decreases the angular position between the planes which move back the line of pressure and relatively move. forward the center of- Agravity of the device, and will tip it down-4 ward in front and up at the rear, thus causing it to move downward, both of these movements being independent of any movement caused by the manipulation of the rudder plane. On account of the size of these planesas compared with thatl of theV rudder plane, these movements are much more sensitive and the device responds much `more rapidly to the manipulation of the hand wheel than it does-to the manipulation of the rudder plane.

If an unequal air bear on one of the the other,

pressure is brought to planes as compared with suchv pressure will tend at first to .t move the plane against which it is brought rearwardly around the post 10 as a center, the tendency to such movement being resisted by the resiliency of the bar 21. It

such pressure continues, the rear end of the outer. portion of this plane will be tipped up from the position shown in Fig. 9 to that shown in Fig. 10, because thewire 40 is inextensible and is attached to the supplemental post 24, said point of attachment being consequently at one side of the post 10,

and outside the aXisof movement of the plane. The elevation of the outer rear portion of this plane will correspondingly'depress the outerrearportion of the opposite plane, for the reason that the said upward movement will'cause a` longitudinal movement of the lower stays or wires 42 attached to the plane so; elevated, thereby swinging the saddle 44 and causing the opposite stays or wires 42 to pull the outer rear 'portion of the opposite plane downwardly. In other words, these opposing: movements will lessen the angle fof attack of' the plane thaty is moved rearwardly and increase theV angle of attack'of the opposite plane, permitting the air to more freely pass (beneath the Aformer plane and bringing more resistance against the depressed plane. Such automatic movementk or adjustment will continue until the pressure of the planes is equalized. As soon as said unequal air pressure is removed from the raised plane, an opposite movement will take place assisted by the spring bar 21 until 'the parts are back to their normal posit-ion,

in which they are ordinarily maintained by the said spring bar 21. It will be noted also that this return to normal position by means Vofgthe resiliency of the spring' 21 will take It will be noted by reference to Fig. 2 that .r

the post l() is not set vertically, butl ata that the planes are correspondingly set at an inclination. Therefore when a plane is moved rearwardly by unequal pressure, as

above described, it also moves in a: general As a result, 1t loses downward direction. some of its supporting power during such movement. On the other hand, the opposite plane is advanced upwardly, and this increase of speed in an upward direction resuits in increased supporting power during such movement. While this change may have only a momentary eHect, it comes just at the instant when it is very desirable to overcome the unbalancing eii'ect due to the abnormal pressure against the plane that is moved-rearwardly. These various effects, it will b noted, are all secured automatically, and ithout any necessity of attention on the part of the operator. This automatic operation may be stated in other words by saying that the use of the vertical flat spring 21 which carries the'fork bearing 2O and supports the1 connection 17 between the planes 15, automatically restores the planes to any predetermined position in which they have been put with respect to the center of gravity of the device which substantially is the same as the central longitudinal axis of the center post 10. That is, while it is within the power of the. operator by means ofthe manipulation of the hand wheel 19, or by the manipulation of the foot bar/74, or hand lever 7 7 controlling the rudder of the device,r to place the device into any desired posltlon.

consequent .upon the manipulation of these special instrumentalities., nevertheless, having once secured the desired relations, 1f unequal wind pressure upon the planes causesl a variation therefrom they are automatically returned to such predetermined desired relations with respect to the other parts of the device and especiallyto its center of gravity by means of the construction stated.

What I claim is:

- 1. A device. of the lcharacter described comprising a body, a propeller and its motor, a central upstanding post, two planes one on each side of said post and adapted) to swing around it in a plane substantially at right angles thereto, and a resilient member connected to both planes and adapted to move about the posti as a center'. y y

2. In a device of the character described, a central substantially upright post, twO

slight rearward and'upward inclination, and v planes each adapt-ed to be swung thereon,

means for coupling them together4 and'varying their angular poslton, and means adapted to return them to normal position ISO when swung without disturbing their angu-K lar position. i

3. In combination, a central substantially upright axis, two planes, a frame connected to each plane and loosely mounted on ysuch axis, a connection between the planes and a spring secured thereto and to the central axis.

4. In combination, a central axis, two planes, a frame connected to each plane and loosely mounted on the axis, a connection between the two planes and a spring adapted to-radially move around the central axis and which spring is connected with both planes.

5. In combination, a central axis, two planes, a frame connected to each plane and loosely mounted on the axis, a connection between the two planes and a spring secured to the connection and to the central axis, and means borne against by the spring for resisting the flexure of the spring.

6. In combination, a central axis, two planes, a `frame connected to each plane and loosely mounted on the axis, aconnection between the two planes and a spring adapted to move around the central axis as a tenterand connected with bothplanes, and means for resisting the fiexure of the spring consisting'of a post to which it is secured at one end and 'a second post against which said spring is moved when iexed.

7. In a device of the character described,c

a central post, `two planes adapted to be swung thereon, means for moving both planes simultaneously on the post to vary their angular position, a second post pivoted to the first post and a connection between the second post and the means whereby the angle between the planes is varied, and whereby, as the angular position of the planes is varied, the relative angular positions of the posts are varied.

S. In a device of the character described, a. central axis, two planes adapted to be swung thereon, means for moving both planes simultaneously on the axis to vary their angular position comprising a right and left screw and means by which it may be moved, a post pivoted to the axis `and aA resilient connection between such post and the right and left screw.

9. In a device of the character described,

- a central axis, two planes adapted to be swung thereon, a right and left screw having threaded co-nnection therewith whereby the angular position of the two planes 'may be varied, a post pivoted to the central axis and a flat spring connecting the post to the screw.

10. Inadevice of the character described, a central axis, two planes adapted to be swung thereon, a right and left screw whereby the angular position ofthe two planes may be varied, a post pivoted to the central axis, and a flat spring connecting the post to the right yand left screw, and which spring passes through an aperture in the central axis.

11. In a device of the character'described, a central axis, two planes adapted to be swung thereon, means for moving both planes simultaneously on the axis into different relative angular positions, a post piv-. oted to the axis and a connection between the post and the means for varying the angular position of the planes andmeans for guiding the movement of the post.

12. In a device of the character described, a central axis, two planes adapted to be swung thereon, means for moving both planes simultaneously on the axis into different relative angular positions, a post pivoted to the axis and a connection between the post andthe means for varying the angular position of the planes and means for guiding and restricting the movement of the post.

13. In a device of the character described, a. central axis, two planes adapted to be swung thereon, means for moving both planes simultaneously on the axis into different relative angular. positions, a post pivoted tothe axis and a connection between the post and the means for varying the angular position of the planes, means for guiding the post, consisting of a slotted plate secured to the frame of the device through which the post is adapted to be passed.

14. In a device of the character described, a central axis, two planes adapted to be swung thereon, means for moving 'both planes simultaneously on the axis to vary their angular position, rods 40 secured to each plane at one end and to a movable supporting member mounted at one side of the central axis at their outer ends', and means for maintaining the distance between such supporting member and the point of connection of the rods 40 4with the planes, constant during all angular positions of the planes with respect to each other.

15. In a device of the character described, a central axis, two planes adapted to be swung thereon, means for moving both planes simultaneously on the axis to vary their angular position, rods 40 secured to each plane and to a post pivoted on the central `axis, and means rfor maintainingthe distance between such post and the point of connection of the' rods 40 with the planes constant during all angular positions of the planes, consisting of a `connection between the post and the means for varyingtheangular position of the planes.

1G. In a device of the ,character described, the combination with the supporting body, of oppositely extending pivotally mounted planes mounted thereon, means connecting Lua-S85 ing the planes for holding them in dilierent relative angular positions while permitting their lsimultaneous bodily swinging movement in opposite directions on the body, and means connected to the holding means fo'r yieldingly resisting such simultaneous bodily movement.

18. In a device of the character described, the combination with oppositely extending pivotally mounted planes, of a common 'axis on which they swing, means connecting the planes for relatively swinging them and holding them in different relative an-gular at f ' 'on their axis, and means for yieldingly re-.

support.

positions while permitting their simultaneous bodily swinging movement in opposite directions, and a spring arm connected toy s id means and normally holding the same and thereby the planes in a predetermined central position," said arm permitting the bodily movement of the planes and means together and returning the same to central position after such movement. v

19. In a device of the character described, the `combination with oppositely extending pivotally mounted planes having a substantially commonaxis on which they swing, of a support movable toward and from the axis, connections between the movable support and planes that permit the swinging of the latter on said 'common axis, and means other than said support and connections for swinging the planes.

20. In a device 'of the character described, the combination with a pivot member, of oppositely extending planes pivotally 'connecte'd thereto, a ypost pivoted to the pivot member on anV axis that is transverse to the axis of the pivot member, and connections between the post and planes that permit the swinging movement of the. latterQ on @the pivot member.

21. In a device of the characte'rvdescribed, the combination with oppositely extending planes mounted to swing on a substantially common upright axis, of an upstanding support located at one side of the axis, connections between the 'support and planes that permit the swinging movement.l of the planes sistin'g such movement connected to said 22. In a device of the character described, the combination with oppositelyextending planes .mounted to swing ona'substantially common axis, of a support located at one lthe, combination with oppositely extending planes mounted to swing on a substantially common axis, of-means for relatively moving the planes to and holding them in different relative angular positions, a support located at one side of the axis and movable toward and from the same, connections between the support and planes, and means for resisting the swinging movements of the planes on the common axis, said means being mounted on the support and connected to the means for `adjusting and holding the planes in different angular relations.

24. In a device of the character described, the combination with la rudder plane, of a pivot mountingfor the plane, a shaft carrying said plane. and being rotatably j ournaled in the pivot mounting, means for swinging the plane back and forth on its pivot mounting,y and means engaging the shaft for automatically rotating it as it is thus swung.

25. In a 4device of the character described,

f-the combination with a substantially vertically movable support, of a substantially horizontally movable support, one being mounted on the other, a rotary rudder plane journaled in the horizontally movable support, and means mounted on'the vertically moving support and engaged with the plane to rotate the same when the horizontal support is moved.

26. In a device of the character described, the combination with a support swinging in a substantially vertical direction, of another support pivoted thereon and swinging in a substantially horizontal direction, a rotary rudder plane journal'ed in the latter support,

`and intermeshing gearing mounted on the rudder plane 'and the vertically Vswinging support for causing a rotary movement of the plane Awhen the same is swung horizontally bythe movement of said horizontal sup ort. 2 Y. Ina device ofthe character described, a rudder plane, a support therefor, a segmental gear secured to said support, a rack adapted to mesh withv said segmental gear, a swingingsupport forthe Vrack and means` for 'rolling the segmental gear ontherack.`

. 28.. In a device of the character described, a rudderA plane, a support therefor, la segmental gear secured to said support, a rack adapted to mesh with said' segmental gear and means for'rolling the segmental gear on the rack,- consisting of a disk loosely mounted on the plane support, a vertical adapted to be engaged by a`portion of said suppoit and a belt' on which the socket is mounted or to which it is secured.

30. A device of the character described, comprising a body, a central axis substantially coincident with the center of gravity of the body, a pair of planes mounted to swing on the axis, means for varying the angular position of the planes with respect to each other, said planes being also simultaneously displaceable means for automatically restoring the planes to position after such displacement, a rudder plane and means for moving it vertically and laterally.

31. A device of the character described, comprising a body, a central axis substanf tially coincident with the center of gravity of the body, a pair ofplanes mounted to swing on the axis, means for varying the angular position of the planes with respect to eachother, said planes being also simultaneously displaceable means for automatically restoring the planes to position after displacement, a rudder plane and means for moving it vertically up and down and laterally in a circular arc.

32. A device of the character described, comprising a body, a central axis substantially coincident with the center of gravity of the body, a pair of planes mounted to swing on the axis, means for varying the angular position of the planes with respect 'to each other, said planes being also simultaneously displaceable means for automatically restoring the planes to position after displacement, a rudder plane and means for moving it vertically by a hand-operated lever and laterally by a foot-operated lever.

33. A device of the character described, comprising a body, a central axis substantially coincident with the center of gravity of tlic body, a pair ofA planes mounted to swingen the axis, means for varying the angular position of the planes with respect to each other, a post hinged to the central axis, a vertically arranged fiat spring secured thereto and to the means for varying the angular position of the planes, and a rudder plane.

34. A device of the character described, comprising a body, a central axis substantially coincident with the center of gravity of the body, a pair of planes mounted to swing on the axis, means for varying the angular position of the planes with respect to each other, a post hinged to the central axis, a vertically arranged fiat spring secured thereto and to the means for varying the angular position of the planes and a f rudder plane, and means for moving it verl tically and laterally.

35. A device of the character described, comprising a body, a central axis substantially coincident with the center of gravity of the body, a pair of planes mounted to swing on the axis, means for varying the angular position of the planes with respect to each other, a post hinged to the central axis, a vertically arranged flat spring secured thereto and to the means for varying the angular position of the planes and a rudder plane, and means for movin it vertically up and down and laterally in a circular arc. ,y

36. A device of the character described, comprising a body, a central axis substantially coincident with the center of gravity of the body, a pair of planes mounted to swing on the axis, means for varying the angular position of the planes with respect to each other, a post hinged to the central` axis, a vertically arranged flat spring secured thereto land to the means for varying the angular position of the planes and a rudder plane, and means for moving it vertically by a hand-operated lever and laterally by a foot-operated lever. 37. In a device of the character described,

the combination with a supporting body, of

a plane pivotally mounted on the body and automatically moved rearwardly with respect to the same by abnormal pressure against it, and a connection between a portion of the body and a portion of the plane that prevents the free movement of said portion of the plane with the remainder, causing the plane to be warped.

38. In a device of the character described, the combination with a supporting body, of planes mounted thereon and each being automatically movable rearwardly with respect to said body by abnormal pressure against the same, and means for' automatically warping the planes when they are thus moved. p

39. In a device of lthe character described, the combination with a supporting body, of planes pivotally mounted on the body on ai substantially upright axis and eachvbeing automatically movable rearwardly with respect to the body by abnormal pressure against the saine, and a connection between the body and a portion of the planes to efv feet the warping of the planes when the same are thus moved rearwardly.

40. In a device of the character described,

' planes, each mounted to move rearwardly thereon under abnormal air pressure against the same, means for connecting the body and planes for causing either plane to warp upwardly on its rearward movement under abnormal pressure, and means connecting the planes forsimultaneously causing the other plane to-'warp downwardly. l

4l. In a device of the character described, the combination with a supporting body, of planes, each mounted to swing rearwardly thereon on a substantially upright aXis under abnormal pressure against the same, means connecting the planes to secure the lmovement of one in an QPpOSite direction to the movement of the other, mea-ns con- -necting the body Landplanes for causing either plane to warp upwardly on its rearward movement, and means connecting the planes for simultaneously causing the opposite plane to warp downwardly.

42. In a device of the character described, the combination with a supporting body, of oppositely extending planes, each being mounted to swing on a substantially upright axis forwardly and rearwardly with respect to said body, means connecting the planes for securing their simultaneous movement in opposite directions and for adjusting their angular relation, connections between the bodyy and the planes for automatically -causing yeither plane on its rearward movement to wa'rp upwardly, and connections between the planes for causing the forwardly moving plane to warp downwardly.

In testimony whereof I allix my signature 'in presence of two witnesses.

JUAN o. BATTISTA.

lVitnesses:

CLARENCE G. CAMPBELL,

MARYH. LEWIS. 

